Phil Goldstein

In December 1992, after working twenty-five years as a civil engineer for the City of New York, Phillip Goldstein co-founded what is now Bulldog Investors, a value oriented group of private investment funds that invest primarily in closed-end funds, small cap operating companies, special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs), and special situations. Bulldog Investors often employs activism to unlock or enhance the intrinsic value of its investments. Since 1996, Bulldog has conducted more than 30 proxy contests. Opportunity Partners L.P., Bulldog’s original fund has returned more than 12.5% per annum net to its investors for almost two decades and has had only one losing year. In 2009, Mr. Goldstein and his partners at Bulldog gained control (via a proxy contest) of Insured Municipal Income Fund, a registered closed-end mutual fund seeking tax free income. They then formed Brooklyn Capital Management LLC, to serve as the Fund’s new investment advisor. The Fund’s name was changed to Special Opportunities Fund (NYSE: SPE) and its objective changed to total return. Mr. Goldstein is currently a director of Imperial Holdings, the Mexico Equity & Income Fund, ASA Gold & Precious Metals, MVC Capital, and Special Opportunities Fund.